Field Trials for the Empirical Characterization of the Low Voltage Grid Access Impedance From 35 kHz to 500 kHz

The access impedance of low-voltage (LV) power networks is a major factor related to the performance of the narrow-band power line communications (NB-PLCs) and, in a wider sense, to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance. Up to date, there is still a lack of knowledge about the frequency-dependent access impedance for frequencies above 9 kHz and up to 500 kHz, which is the band where the NB-PLC operates. The access impedance affects the transmission of the NB-PLC signal, and it determines the propagation of the non-intentional emissions that may disturb other electrical devices, including malfunctioning or reduced lifetime of equipment. This paper presents the results of field measurements of the LV access impedance up to 500 kHz in different scenarios, with measurement locations close to end users and near transformers. The results provide useful information to analyze the characteristics of the LV access impedance, including variation with frequency, ranges of values for different frequency bands, and analysis of specific phenomena. Moreover, the results reveal a diverse frequency-dependent behavior of the access impedance in different scenarios, depending on the grid topology, the number of end users (that is, number and type of connected loads), and the type of transformation center. Overall, the results of this paper offer a better understanding of the transmission of NB-PLC signals and EMC-related phenomena.The authors would like to thank Iberdrola for the availability and the collaboration of authorized staff for carrying out the field trials

PERCEPCIÓN DEL ROL QUE DESEMPEÑAN LAS MUJERES EN PUESTOS A NIVEL DIRECTIVO DEL MERCADO LABORAL

Today, the role played by women occupying managerial positions in the workplace is limited by the existence of gender discrimination. Under this premise, and in order to know the perception of the activity of the female sex in this area, was conducted this descriptive study through a questionnaire to 1240 graduates professionals (as) of the Faculty Accounting and Administration of the National University of Mexico (UNAM). The results suggest changes in paradigm shift in terms of employment preference for males

Upgrading Urban Services Through BPL: Practical Applications for Smart Cities

Current initiatives related to smart cities in LATAM reveal an increasing interest in the improvement of cities and the wellbeing of their citizens. In addition, specific working groups have been created for this purpose. In this sense, the communication technologies set the basis for gathering, transporting, and managing the large amount of data generated in cities to provide a wide range of services. Within the many alternatives available, BPL positions as a promising technology, since smart cities can greatly benefit of its higher data rates and low latency. In addition, since the medium is already deployed and most of the assets and sensors are connected to the same medium, the cost of the communication systems will be reduced in price and simplicity. The work presents four practical applications: smart buildings, urban lighting, energy assets management and broadband access, in which the possibilities and advantages of BPL are further addressed. Finally, some conclusions and key aspects relating BPL to the success of smart cities are identified.Eusko Jaurlaritza IT-1234-19, KK-202

Compañías y comercio de la madera en Castilla a fines del siglo XV e inicios del XVI

The expansion of the Castilian economy at the end of the Middle Ages and in particular the development of business encouraged both international and regional trade. In this context, the possibility to diversify investment in companies and the existence of new forms of labour organization were the two pillars that sustained the growth of commerce and the supply of different products. Moreover, the increasing demand from urban centres and the use of inland waterways consolidated some businesses like the wood trade, a scarcely known activity that will be the focus of this study.La expansión de la economía castellana a fines del Medievo y, en particular, del mundo empresarial impulsó de manera notable la actividad comercial internacional y regional. En este contexto, la posibilidad de diversificar la inversión en compañías y las nuevas formas de organización del trabajo conformaron dos pilares sobre los que se asienta el auge del comercio y el abastecimiento de productos. Además, la creciente demanda procedente de centros urbanos y el aprovechamiento de las vías de comunicación fluvial terminaron por consolidar determinados negocios como el de la madera, una actividad económica poco conocida de la que pretendemos dar cuenta en este trabajo.The expansion of the Castilian economy at the end of the Middle Ages and in particular the development of business encouraged both international and regional trade. In this context, the possibility to diversify investment in companies and the existence of new forms of labour organization were the two pillars that sustained the growth of commerce and the supply of different products. Moreover, the increasing demand from urban centres and the use of inland waterways consolidated some businesses like the wood trade, a scarcely known activity that will be the focus of this study

Pleitear por deudas en Castilla a fines de la Edad Media e inicios de la Moderna

In the late 15th century and early 16th century, Castilian financial development was a widespread phenomenon in which a large part of the Castilian population took part. Both legislators and moralising theorists endeavoured to guide the expansion of credit through the development of a legal and ethical framework as a point of reference for a desired behaviour. Nevertheless, problems arising from unpaid loans and credit sales and the consequent debt litigation developed into a conflict that, in many cases, could be channelled thanks to the action of new and reformed Castilian institutions.El desarrollo financiero castellano a fines del siglo XV e inicios del XVI fue un fenómeno extendido del que pudieron participar gran parte de los castellanos. Tanto legisladores como teóricos moralistas trataron de orientar la expansión del crédito a través del desarrollo de un marco legal y ético que ejerció como referente de una conducta deseada. No obstante, los problemas derivados del impago de muchos préstamos o ventas al fiado y el consiguiente pleito por deudas llegaron a suponer un conflicto que, en muchos casos, pudo ser encauzado gracias a la acción de las nuevas y reformadas instituciones castellanas

Crédito privado en Castilla a fines del siglo XV. Una introducción a su estudio

In recent decades, international historiography has made a great effort to understand the role played by private credit in medieval and modern economies. The viewpoints analysed by historians include the study of legal, social and economic aspects of credit. In this respect, seizing on the social and economic situation in Castile at the end of the Middle Ages, this paper aims to set forth some keys to understanding private credit in the Crown of Castile. The combined analysis of the theoretical bases of credit, its application and its impact on the development of social ties constitutes a field of research with great potential.Durante las últimas décadas, la historiografía internacional ha dedicado numerosos esfuerzos a entender el papel jugado por el crédito privado en las economías de la época medieval y moderna. Los puntos de vista analizados han abarcado, entre otros, los aspectos legales, sociales y económicos del crédito. En este sentido, aprovechando el contexto social y económico castellano a fines del medievo e inicios de la modernidad, el presente trabajo pretende exponer algunas de las claves fundamentales del crédito privado en Castilla. El análisis integrado de los fundamentos teóricos del crédito, de su aplicación y de su repercusión en el desarrollo de las relaciones sociales conforma un campo con grandes posibilidades

Los grupos de música en San Nicolás del Puerto en los últimos cuarenta años

Univesidad de Sevilla. Grado en Comunicación Audiovisua

CONTRIBUCIÓN DE LA MERCADOTECNIA EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL SMARTPHONE PARA VIDEOJUEGOS, CONVIRTIÉNDOLA EN UNA POSIBLE ADICCIÓN EN LOS JÓVENES

Currently young people are increasing the activities they perform in their Smartphone, making it an important part in their lives; one of these activities is dedicated to video games. One exploratory research was conducted on 883 young people in order to know whether marketing efforts have led to the use of video games on Smartphone generating in them a possible addictive behavior. We found that men have more addictive than women and they are the most affected by marketing efforts made by companies to increase consumption of various products; in addition to the ones related to video game

COMPARISON OF GENDER IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE IMAGE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE BRAND POSITIONING

The brand exposure in graphic communication, require seconds to transmit the message that persuade the consumer to make the purchase, hence finding appropriate images is an important aspect for marketing managers.The images themselves convey emotion and the perception of them may be altered by the brand positioning.The way images are perceived may differ by gender; and also, the perception that people have of a brand can impact differently on each of them. In this experimental study, the main objective is to examine the relationship between the effects of brand image exposure to affective visual stimuli, differentiated by gender. 274 students (19 years old) from the Management School of the National University of Mexico participated in this study. 60 photos from the IAPS (International Affective Picture System) representing different emotional loads were used, each of them was embedded with a well-recognized and positioned brand in the market taken from the list of BrandZ, and Millward Brown top 100 (2010). The images were evaluated by a Likert scale with nine intervals. The results obtained suggest that the effect of the picture is different in each gender and this effect is modified by the impact of brand positioning on men and women differently. The results will have specific knowledge about the differential impressions of an image and the perception of the brand, so that marketing managers may have a greater impact on attention and memory in the design of their graphic campaigns